中風資料題目方向(1)

1. 可將個案分類，依動作障礙程度或日常生活功能程度分類(或其他種分法)，可試著把個案分3~4組(more delicate)，然後探討PASS或STREAM於不同動作障礙層級個案的反應性。
2. 探討不同性別於出院時或追蹤時期的恢復情形(recovery pattern)，若有不同，才能進一步去探討各自的影響因子。
3. 想研究問題，也需建立假設(hypotheses)。

PASS Psychometrics evidence

PASS:

Validation:

1. Good construct validity (with FIM)

2. Good predictive validity (FIM score on the 90^th day)

3. High internal consistency (Cronbach α= 0.95)

4. High interrater and test-retest reliabilities

For mild to moderate stroke patients:

Reliability:

ICC, weighted kappa, Bland-Altman plots, SEM, SRD: good

Validity:

-discriminative: good (with FM)

-predictive: good to predict MAS score (walking ability)

-concurrent: good (FM-B, BBS)

-convergent: good (with BI)

Responsiveness: good at 14~30 days after stroke

*compare to FM-B & BBS, did not show floor & ceiling effects

For mild stroke patients:

Psychometrics:

high test-retest reliability, small responsiveness, and acceptable predictive validity (predict CADL at 1 year after stroke).

Short Form:

5 -item PASS-3L showed good reliability, validity, and responsiveness, also showed no systematic trend between the difference and mean score of the 5-item PASS-3L and the original PASS.

PASS-TC:

Validity:

-discriminative: good (can distinguish patients with disability (BI=100) from those without (BI>100)

-predictive: can predict CADL at 1 year after stroke

Responsiveness: moderate at 14~30 days after stroke

Could not detect change (ceiling effect)